GITAGOVINDAM

“There are more things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy.” — Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 2, Scene 5

“There are more things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy.” — Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 2, Scene 5

41

WHY LJVE AT ALL?

Bcz if our birth is natural the decision of death should b natural, nature deserve it and we deserve living.

SSTR -TWILIGHT IN OIL

DYLAN

RAZORS AND CANON

HANLON RAZOR

Hanlon’s Razor is a useful mental model which can be best summarized as such:

‘Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by neglect.’

Like Occam’s razor, this heuristic is a useful tool for rapid decision-making and intelligent cognition.

Applying Hanlon’s razor in our day-to-day lives, allows us to better develop relationships, become less judgmental, and improves rationality. Hanlon’s razor allows us to give people the benefit of the doubt and have more empathy. In this way, the value of Hanlon’s razor is pronounced in relationships and business matters.

1ST IMPULSE , 2ND THOUGHTS

SCIZPHRNIA

Symptoms of cystitis probably caused by bacterial infection, even when tests are negative

Symptoms of cystitis probably caused by bacterial infection, even when tests are negative

NEARRE TO BONOBO

A new study examining the muscular system of bonobos provides firsthand evidence that the rare great ape species may be more closely linked, anatomically, to human ancestors than common chimpanzees. Previous research suggested this theory at the molecular level, but this is the first study to compare in detail the anatomy of the three species.

CSV

CV

CSP X CC X CV

CSP X CV

CSP X CV

CV X SCHIZO

CV

CV

CV X SCHIZOPHRNIA

CAVUM VERGAE

Midline brain abnormalities, such as CV, might represent an unspecific risk factor for the development of severe mental disorders.

6TH VENTRICLE, CAVUM VERGAE , F/U DVPT AND OFC

BRAIN DVPT

GRF X LEWIS

GRF X LEWIS

GRF X LEWIS

Awaken and sleep no more — brief are the days of life. ~ Mirabai

Awaken and sleep no more — brief are the days of life. ~ Mirabai 

insulin res

, the liver is constantly producing blood sugar to keep our brain alive between meals. As soon as we eat breakfast, though, the insulin released to deal with the meal normally turns off liver glucose production, which makes sense since we don’t need it anymore. But when our liver is filled with fat, it becomes insulin resistant like our muscles, and doesn’t respond to the breakfast signal; it keeps pumping out blood sugar all day long on top of whatever we eat. Then, the pancreas pumps out even more insulin to deal with the high sugars, and our liver gets fatter and fatter. That’s one of the twin vicious cycles of diabetes. Fatty muscles, in the context of too many calories, leads to a fatty liver, which leads to an even fattier liver. This is all still before we have diabetes.

insulin resistance starts over a decade before diabetes is actually diagnosed, as blood sugar levels slowly start creeping up. And then, all of the sudden, the pancreas conks out, and blood sugars skyrocket

 insulin resistance starts over a decade before diabetes is actually diagnosed, as blood sugar levels slowly start creeping up. And then, all of the sudden, the pancreas conks out, and blood sugars skyrocket

Wayne Dyer said that in order to appreciate the beauty of your time here on earth you have to "die while you are still alive."

Wayne Dyer said that in order to appreciate the beauty of your time here on earth you have to "die while you are still alive."

 letting the knowledge of your imminent death empower you in the present. It means reminding yourself of the fleeting and fragile nature of life, letting that motivate you to suspend your fear and kick some ass. Here are some ways to do just that. 

DIETWALK FV -SOME IS BETTER THAN NONE, MORE IS BETTER THAN SOME

Life is a great sunrise-DTH IS SUNSET

Life is a great sunrise

ALL FOR A SMALL PENSION AND A CHEAP GOLD WATCH

HOROWITZ Perfection itself is imperfection."

Perfection itself is imperfection."

NAAN

Naan Bread Calories and Nutrition per Serving (1 Serving=1 Naan/160g)

Calories	538
Protein	14.2
Carbohydrate	80.2
Fat	20
Fibre	3

JHAL MURI 1 BATI IS 250 CAL

Generic - Jhal Muri (Calcutta)

1. Servings:  1 serving 1 container (5 servings ea.)

Calories	250	Sodium	507 mg
Total Fat	4 g	Potassium	402 mg
Saturated	1 g	Total Carbs	50 g
Polyunsaturated	1 g	Dietary Fiber	3 g
Monounsaturated	2 g	Sugars	0 g
Trans	0 g	Protein	5 g
Cholesterol	0 mg
Vitamin A	8%	Calcium	3%
Vitamin C	32%	Iron	75

Meconium "aspiration" (or respiratory distress associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid?

Child Abuse Deaths Threefold Higher in Poor Communities

Child Abuse Deaths Threefold Higher in Poor Communities 

2 SAMOSA ARE 610 CALS

Samosa/Energy

308 calories

There are 308 calories in 1 regular samosa of Pastry filled with Potatoes and Peas (Fried). Calorie breakdown: 52% fat, 42% carbs, 6% protein.

Child's Death Increases Risk for Brothers or Sisters Dying

BEAN BURGER FRIES COKE MEAL IS 1000 CALORIE

TARITA- ELF HAS PUT ON WEIGHT

10 K STEPS EQUALS 200 CAL

FV UNDER 200 CAL BRFAST

Morrison - Carrots, 0.5 cup	30	7	0	1	162	4
Celery, raw, 1 cup chopped	16	3	0	1	81	1
Peter - Blueberries -, 0.5 Cup	42	11	0	1	1	8
Tesco - Cucumber, 1 Cucumber (360g)	40	6	0	2	0	5
Drink - White Coffee (Semi, No Sugar), 3 mug	57	5	1	4	108	3

The mind makes us serious about the frivolous and frivolous about the serious

The mind makes us serious about the frivolous and frivolous about the serious

1 HR WALK EVERY DAY REDUCES MORTY BY 24%

I LONG FOR PEACE AND QUIET

A MADNESS IN THE METHOD- HOLDER, CNNULATOR AND STICKER -HCS TEAM

IS LOGIC VASTLY OVERERATED?

OUT OF THE FRYING PAIN INTO THE PYRE

DIMD STUDY DAT ATTENDED AT RCP LONDON, BACK AFTER 12 YRS

OLDER SLOWER ROUNDER AT 52

Tact is the ability to step on a man's toes without messing up the shine on his shoes." -- Harry Truman

Tact is the ability to step on a man's toes without messing up the shine on his shoes."

-- Harry Truman

THE BACKFIRE EFFECT

Have you ever noticed the peculiar tendency you have to let praise pass through you, but to feel
crushed by criticism? A thousand positive remarks can slip by unnoticed, but one “you suck” can
linger in your head for days. One hypothesis as to why this and the backfire effect happen is that you
spend much more time considering information you disagree with than you do information you accept.
Information that lines up with what you already believe passes through the mind like a vapor, but
when you come across something that threatens your beliefs, something that conflicts with your
preconceived notions of how the world works, you seize up and take notice. Some psychologists
speculate there is an evolutionary explanation. Your ancestors paid more attention and spent more
time thinking about negative stimuli than positive because bad things required a response. Those who
failed to address negative stimuli failed to keep breathing.

ILLUSION OF EXTERNAL AGENCY

The most common example is to
imagine yourself in a jungle. You hear a rustling in the leaves. Is it the wind or a tiger? Best not dally,
so let’s assume it is a tiger and choose the fight-or-flight or the stop-breathing-and-hope-it-walks-theother-
way response. That default sense that unknown forces might be caused by conscious, hungry
things is your sense of agency. It is why you find it so difficult to ignore suspicious bumps in the night.
Some part of you asks the other parts of you to investigate just in case there is an agent behind the
noise. The driving force behind investigations into a great deal of spooky, mysterious, weird, and
unexplained phenomena is the human instinct to assume there must be agency behind all manner of
creepy things, whether or not there is much evidence for it.

MISATTRIBN OF AROUSAL

EGO DEPLETION

THE MISCONCEPTION: Willpower is just a metaphor.
THE TRUTH: Willpower is a finite resource.

POST HOC FALLACY

THE MISCONCEPTION: You notice when effect doesn’t follow cause.
THE TRUTH: You find it especially difficult to believe a sequence of events means
nothing.

COMMON BELIEF FALLACY

THE MISCONCEPTION: The larger the consensus, the more likely it is correct.
THE TRUTH: A belief is not more likely to be accurate just because many people share it

NARRATIVE BIAS

THE MISCONCEPTION: You make sense of life through rational contemplation.
THE TRUTH: You make sense of life through narrative.



This is your narrative bias—a bias in that when given the option, you prefer to give and receive
information in narrative format. You prefer tales with the structure you’ve come to understand as the
backbone of good storytelling. Three to five acts, an opening with the main character forced to face
adversity, a turning point where that character chooses to embark on an adventure in an unfamiliar
world, and a journey in which the character grows as a person and eventually wins against great odds
thanks to that growth. According to mythologist Joseph Campbell, that is pretty much every story ever
written, except for the tragedies. Those are cautionary tales in which the protagonist fails to grow,
chooses poorly, submits to weakness, and as a result loses. You enjoy both versions of the story
because that’s how you make sense of your own life. That is how you boil down and simplify who
you are, why you are here, what you’ve accomplished, and where you are heading. Books, movies,
games, lectures—every form of information transfer seems better when couched in the language of
storytelling.

asthma x migraine

Clinicians should screen children with migraine for asthma and allergic symptoms.

Each Year of Earlier Menarche Ups Risk for Gestational Diabetes by 10%

Each Year of Earlier Menarche Ups Risk for Gestational Diabetes by 10%

Transience, Uncertainty, Mortali ty

BRIEF CRACK OF LIGHT

As Vladimir Nabokov put it in the opening to
his memoir, Speak, Memory, “The cradle rocks above an abyss, and
common sense tells us that our existence is but a brief crack of light
between two eternities of darkness.”

EXPERIENCE X NEURAL FIRING

But from our first days of life, our immature brain is also directly
shaped by our interactions with the world, and especially by our relationships.
Our experiences stimulate neural firing and sculpt our
emerging synaptic connections. This is how experience changes the
structure of the brain itself—
and
could even end up having an influence
on our innate temperament.

BDH X SC

Buddhist philosophy seems to have a special affinity
with modern science. One aspect of its philosophy that is especially attractive to modern
290 Science and spirituality
scientists is that it denies the duality of mind and matter.

In the Buddhist view, mental activity is one of the physical senses (much like in cognitive science), so that there is no opposition between subject and object, self and world.

In the Buddhist view, mental
activity is one of the physical senses (much like in cognitive science), so that there is no
opposition between subject and object, self and world.

NBP NEVER BORN PROTEINS

To get a feeling for the magnitudes involved, we can represent the proteins by grains
of sand. The ratio between our number of possible proteins with length 100 (10120) and
the number of actually existing proteins (1014) would then correspond roughly to the ratio
between all the sand of the Sahara and one single grain of sand (Luisi, 2006). Our human life
thrives on that grain of sand. And all other grains of sand in the vast Sahara represent sets
of “never born proteins” – proteins that are not with us presently. And the corresponding
DNA codes represent, likewise, DNA stretches and genes which were never born.

PROTEINS X EARTH

The number of different existing proteins can be estimated to be of the order of thousands
of billions – say, 1014 (100,000 billion) to be generous. These proteins are the product of
billions of years of evolution, but we all accept the view that present-day proteins have the
imprints and basically similar structures and functions as those of early life on Earth. The
number of 1014 different proteins is certainly impressive, and yet it is ridiculously small
compared to the theoretical number of possible proteins. If in each position of the chain we
can have any one of the 20 amino acids (also referred to as “residues”), then, for a chain
length of 100 residues, the number of mathematically possible different chains is 20100
(which is approximately equal to 10^130).

NATR WAY

why did nature do things in one way and not in another? Was the way it happened the
only way possible (determinism), or might it have happened in other ways (contingency)?
In particular we can ask: why is there our particular set of proteins in nature instead of a
different one?

protocell

In fact, our current understanding of prebiotic evolution makes it evident that the
membrane-bounded vesicles that evolved into the protocells could form only because of
the existence of amphiphilic molecules, which in turn required that water molecules exhibit
an electric polarity (their electrons staying closer to the oxygen atom than to the hydrogen
atoms, so that they would leave an effective positive charge on the latter and a negative
10.2 Contingency vs. determinism in the origin of life 219
charge on the former). Without this subtle electric property of water, the formation of
vesicles, and thus the emergence of life as we know it, would not have been possible. In
some sense, then, the possibility of life in the universe was implicit from the formation of
water and, indeed, from the very formation of the elements hydrogen and oxygen shortly
after the big bang.

“Man at last knows he is alone in the unfeeling immensity of the universe, out of which he has emerged only by chance.”

“Man at last knows
he is alone in the unfeeling immensity of the universe, out of which he has emerged only
by chance.”

Dawkins reminds us that nature proceeds without an a priori purpose, according to the “tinkering” mechanisms advocated by Monod’s colleague, Franc¸ois Jacob (1982), a few years earlier

Dawkins reminds us that nature
proceeds without an a priori purpose, according to the “tinkering” mechanisms advocated
by Monod’s colleague, Franc¸ois Jacob (1982), a few years earlier

GALILEO X MATTER

Galileo’s strategy of directing the scientist’s attention to the quantifiable properties of
matter proved extremely successful in physics, but it also exacted a heavy toll. During
the centuries after Galileo, the focus on quantities was extended from the study of matter
to all natural and social phenomena within the framework of the mechanistic worldview
of Cartesian-Newtonian science. By excluding colors, sound, taste, touch, and smell – let
alone more complex qualities, such as beauty, health, or ethical sensibility – the emphasis on
quantification prevented scientists for several centuries from understanding many essential
properties of life.

The earliest school of Greek philosophy, known as the Milesian school, made no distinction between animate and inanimate, nor between spirit and matter. Later on, the Greeks called those early philosophers “hylozoists,” or “those who think that matter is alive.”

The Sun is one of at least two hundred billion stars in our galaxy, and it, along with countless others, shine brightly over Earth, night and day, in an everchanging, ever-evolving cosmos.

The Sun is one of at least two hundred billion stars in our galaxy, and it, along with countless others, shine brightly over Earth, night and day, in an everchanging,
ever-evolving cosmos.

COPPER X IRON

It is believed that
copper was first mined and crafted by humans 11,000 years ago, and the specific characteristics of this metal ushered in a new age of technology and
the transition from stone tools and weapons to metal ones. Four thousand years later it happened again but with iron which, even today, when mixed with
carbon to form the alloy steel is the exoskeleton of industrial civilisation.

Out in the Milky Way we can see the whole cycle of stellar life playing out. Roughly once a year a new light appears, as somewhere in the Milky Way a new star is born.

Out in the Milky Way we can see the whole cycle of stellar life playing out. Roughly once a year a new light appears, as somewhere in the
Milky Way a new star is born.

The cosmos is about the smallest hole that a man can hide his head in. —G.K. Chesterton

The cosmos is about the smallest hole that a man can hide his head in.
—G.K. Chesterton

CONSTIPN X MILK INTAKE

By filling themselves with milk children eat less solid
food, which means they have less waste and make less
poo.
2. Excess calcium can cause constipation.
3. Many of the waste products of milk are passed in the
urine. This means that some of the body’s spare water
is diverted from the bowel to make wee.

There are natural times for going to the toilet, and these are usually after eating

There are natural times for going to the toilet, and these
are usually after eating

It’s Not a Wee Problem – Constipation and Urinary Problems Apart from all the other areas of life that are affected, it is extremely common for children with stool withholding to have some urinary problems too. These children often try to hold on to their wee as well. This can cause a number of problems including an increased risk of cystitis and urinary infections. More commonly, children may overestimate the ability of their bladder to hold urine, with the inevitable result that they wet themselves.

It’s Not a Wee
Problem – Constipation
and Urinary Problems
Apart from all the other areas of life that are affected, it is
extremely common for children with stool withholding to
have some urinary problems too. These children often try to
hold on to their wee as well. This can cause a number of
problems including an increased risk of cystitis and urinary
infections. More commonly, children may overestimate the
ability of their bladder to hold urine, with the inevitable result
that they wet themselves.

Stool withholding is a protective ‘reflex’ to prevent pain. Stool-withholding children live their lives under a cloud of fear – trying to avoid this unbearable sensation but knowing that they can’t do it forever. Treatment requires sensitivity and understanding. The aim of treatment is not just to get the poo out – but more importantly to change the stoolwithholding habit. This can take a long time.

Stool withholding is a protective ‘reflex’ to prevent
pain.
Stool-withholding children live their lives under a
cloud of fear – trying to avoid this unbearable
sensation but knowing that they can’t do it forever.
Treatment requires sensitivity and understanding.
The aim of treatment is not just to get the poo out –
but more importantly to change the stoolwithholding
habit. This can take a long time.

Constipation is very common in children of all ages. It is most common in toddlers. Although figures are quite hard to find, it probably affects up to a third of two-year-olds.

Constipation is very common in children of all ages. It is most
common in toddlers. Although figures are quite hard to find,
it probably affects up to a third of two-year-olds.

DTHING AFTER 65 CHINA CMJ

MANCHESTER ACUTE CORONARY SCORE

Human frailty is a universal feature of the ageing process that signals the progression and accumulation of physical, psychological, and social deficits in older adults

Human frailty is a universal feature of the ageing process that signals the progression and accumulation of physical, psychological, and social deficits in older adults

GERY MED PX -Hypotension, bedridden, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and serum creatinine >2 mg/dL, but not age, were independently associated with 30-day mortality.

Hypotension, bedridden, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and serum creatinine >2 mg/dL, but not age, were independently associated with 30-day mortality. 

CHAGALL The fingers must be educated, the thumb is born knowing."

The fingers must be educated, the thumb is born knowing."

AVG JOB INTERVIEW IS DECIDED IN 12 SECONDS

Borderline burnout with questionable social skills

Borderline burnout with questionable social skills 

Satire is 9 months ahead of the truth

Satire is 9 months ahead of the truth 

In the last ten years, hospitals have experienced a 30% increase in emergency admissions of infants under the age of one and a 28% increase among those aged one to four,

In the last ten years, hospitals have experienced a 30% increase in emergency admissions of infants under the age of one and a 28% increase among those aged one to four,

TOM SAWYER 1876 , SXC BHOWMICK YEAR 1976, 100 YRS ON

2 CUPS OF BROCCOLI-CAULIFLOWER-CABBAGE-KALE PREVENTS AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE TO LUNGS AND LIVER, STDY

Obesity steals more years than diabetes, tobacco, high blood pressure and high cholesterol -- the other top preventable health problems that cut Americans' lives short, according to researchers who analyzed 2014 data.

Obesity steals more years than diabetes, tobacco, high blood pressure and high cholesterol -- the other top preventable health problems that cut Americans' lives short, according to researchers who analyzed 2014 data.

SURVIVAL OF SOUL , GENES OR MEMES

AGING X PROGRAM X ERROR

AGING THEORIES

AGING THEORIES

FREE RADICAL THEORY OF AGING

FINDERS KEEPERS, LOSERS WEEPERS

CHADS VASC X AF

The CHA2DS2-VASc system scores points up to a maximum of 9, for each of the following risk factors:  Age: <65 0="" 1="" 2="" 65="" a="" also="" and="" antagonist.="" anticoagulation="" apixaban="" aspirin="" atrial="" attack="" be="" cha2ds2-vasc="" congestive="" dabigatran="" diabetes="" disease="" etexilate="" failure="" female="" fibrillation="" for="" gender:="" guideline="" heart="" hypertension="" in="" indicates="" ischaemic="" it="" k="" low-to-medium="" low="" male="" mellitus="" moderate-to-high="" monotherapy="" more="" nice="" not="" notes="" of="" offered="" on="" or="" p="" people="" point="" points="" prevention="" recommends="" risk.="" risk="" rivaroxaban="" score="" should="" solely="" stroke="" that="" the="" these="" thromboembolism="" transient="" vascular="" vitamin="" with="">

NIH STROKE SCALE

NIH Stroke Scale/Score (NIHSS)

Calculates the NIH Stroke Scale for quantifying stroke severity.

BEFORE USE

The NIH Stroke Scale has many caveats buried within it. If your patient has prior known neurologic deficits e.g. prior weakness, hemi- or quadriplegia, blindness, etc. or is intubated, has a language barrier, etc., it becomes especially complicated. In those cases, consult the NIH Stroke Scale website. MDCalc's version is an attempt to clarify many of these confusing caveats, but cannot and should not be substituted for the official protocol.

Rules:

• Score what you see, not what you think.
• Score the first response, not the best response (except Item 9 - Best Language).
• Don’t coach.

When to Use

Pearls/Pitfalls

Why Use

1A: Level of consciousness

May be assessed casually while taking history

Alert; keenly responsive

0

Arouses to minor stimulation

+1

Requires repeated stimulation to arouse

+2

Movements to Pain

+2

Postures or unresponsive

+3

1B: Ask month and age

Both questions right

0

1 question right

+1

0 questions right

+2

Dysarthric/intubated/trauma/language barrier

+1

Aphasic

+2

1C: 'Blink eyes' & 'squeeze hands'

Pantomime commands if communication barrier

Performs both tasks

0

Performs 1 task

+1

Performs 0 tasks

+2

2: Horizontal extraocular movements

Only assess horizontal gaze

Normal

0

Partial gaze palsy: can be overcome

+1

Partial gaze palsy: corrects with oculocephalic reflex

+1

Forced gaze palsy: cannot be overcome

+2

3: Visual fields

No visual loss

0

Partial hemianopia

+1

Complete hemianopia

+2

Patient is bilaterally blind

+3

Bilateral hemianopia

+3

4: Facial palsy

Use grimace if obtunded

Normal symmetry

0

Minor paralysis (flat nasolabial fold, smile asymetry)

+1

Partial paralysis (lower face)

+2

Unilateral complete paralysis (upper/lower face)

+3

Bilateral complete paralysis (upper/lower face)

+3

5A: Left arm motor drift

Count out loud and use your fingers to show the patient your count

No drift for 10 seconds

0

Drift, but doesn't hit bed

+1

Drift, hits bed

+2

Some effort against gravity

+2

No effort against gravity

+3

No movement

+4

Amputation/joint fusion

0

5B: Right arm motor drift

Count out loud and use your fingers to show the patient your count

No drift for 10 seconds

0

Drift, but doesn't hit bed

+1

Drift, hits bed

+2

Some effort against gravity

+2

No effort against gravity

+3

No movement

+4

Amputation/joint fusion

0

6A: Left leg motor drift

Count out loud and use your fingers to show the patient your count

No drift for 10 seconds

0

Drift, but doesn't hit bed

+1

Drift, hits bed

+2

Some effort against gravity

+2

No effort against gravity

+3

No movement

+4

Amputation/joint fusion

0

6B: Right leg motor drift

Count out loud and use your fingers to show the patient your count

No drift for 10 seconds

0

Drift, but doesn't hit bed

+1

Drift, hits bed

+2

Some effort against gravity

+2

No effort against gravity

+3

No movement

+4

Amputation/joint fusion

0

7: Limb Ataxia

FNF/heel-shin

No ataxia

0

Ataxia in 1 Limb

+1

Ataxia in 2 Limbs

+2

Does not understand

0

Paralyzed

0

Amputation/joint fusion

0

8: Sensation

Normal; no sensory loss

0

Mild-moderate loss: less sharp/more dull

+1

Mild-moderate loss: can sense being touched

+1

Complete loss: cannot sense being touched at all

+2

No response and quadriplegic

+2

Coma/unresponsive

+2

9: Language/aphasia

Describe the scene; name the words; read the sentences (see About/Evidence)

Normal; no aphasia

0

Mild-moderate aphasia: some obvious changes, without significant limitation

+1

Severe aphasia: fragmentary expression, inference needed, cannot identify materials

+2

Mute/global aphasia: no usable speech/auditory comprehension

+3

Coma/unresponsive

+3

10: Dysarthria

Read the words (see About/Evidence)

Normal

0

Mild-Moderate Dysarthria: slurring but can be understood

+1

Severe Dysarthria: unintelligble slurring or out of proportion to dysphasia

+2

Mute/anarthric

+2

Intubated/unable to test

0

11: Extinction/inattention

No abnormality

0

Visual/tactile/auditory/spatial/personal inattention

+1

Extinction to bilateral simultaneous stimulation

+1

Profound hemi-inattention (ex: does not recognize own hand)

+2

Extinction to >1 modality

+2

About the Creator

Dr. Patrick D. Lyden

Related Calcs

• Hunt & Hess Classification
• ABCD² Score
• ASCVD Risk Calculator

Content Contributors