MICROCEPHALY

/////////////////MAX CONC IN GJRT, PNJB, PKSTN



////////////////6 GENES IDENTIFIED



///////////////////MCPH1-6



///////////////////////ASPM (Gene), a human gene whose defective forms are associated with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly



/////////////////////ASPM" is an acronym for "Abnormal Spindle-like, Microcephaly-associated



//////////////////WIKI=mouse gene, Aspm, is expressed in the primary sites of prenatal cerebral cortical neurogenesis. The difference between Aspm and ASPM is a single, large insertion coding for so-called IQ domains.[3] Studies in mice also suggest a role of the expressed Aspm gene product in mitotic spindle regulation



///////////////////ZHANG=The size of human brain tripled over a period of 2 million years (MY) that ended 0.2–0.4 MY ago. This evolutionary expansion is believed to be important to the emergence of human language and other high-order cognitive functions, yet its genetic basis remains unknown. An evolutionary analysis of genes controlling brain development may shed light on it. ASPM (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) is one of such genes, as nonsense mutations lead to primary microcephaly, a human disease characterized by a 70% reduction in brain size. Here I provide evidence suggesting that human ASPM went through an episode of accelerated sequence evolution by positive Darwinian selection after the split of humans and chimpanzees but before the separation of modern non-Africans from Africans. Because positive selection acts on a gene only when the gene function is altered and the organismal fitness is increased, my results suggest that adaptive functional modifications occurred in human ASPM and that it may be a major genetic component underlying the evolution of the human brain.


//////////////////WITHOUT PREFRONTAL CORTEX- SOCIALLY ADRIFT



/////////////////BIG BRAINS FOR 6TH ORDER INTENTIONALITY-THEORY OF MIND=OTHELLO EXAMPLE



///////////////////DUNBARS NO OF COMMUNITY=150=MAKES SOCIAL SENSE



////////////////ASPM VARIANT AROSE 6000YA ALONG WITH BIRTH OF AGRICULTR FROM MD EAST



/////////////////RUTHLESS MERITOCRACY


//////////////////COGNITIVE UNDERCLASS



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