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It was philosopher Charles Peirce in the 1800s who introduced the term “quale” to refer to how “there is a distinctive quale to every combination of sensation… a peculiar quale to every day and every week—a peculiar quale to my whole personal consciousness.” 18 “Quale” comes from “quiddity,” which means the inherent or ultimate essence of something—how a thing is. William James, one of the founders of psychology, and brother to Henry James, the novelist, made use of the same term. Even now, contemporary philosophers like David Chalmers use “qualia” as a synonym for what is intrinsic about “consciousness,” or “experience,” or “phenomenology,” or “subjective experience,” etc., where “qualia” refers to the what-it-is-likeness of a particular sensation or thought.
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