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///////////////////........CME Infants With Heart Disease at Higher Risk for Attention and Behavioral Difficulties Children who had surgery for congenital heart disease as infants had an increased risk for problems with inattention and hyperactivity and often required remedial services in school.Medscape Medical News 2008



///////////////////........Sleep Problems Common in Children With ADHD A survey of Australian children with ADHD found that 73% had mild to severe sleep disturbances, which affected both the children and their parents.Medscape Medical News 2008



/////////////////////............Food-Specific IgE Levels Help Identify Some Food Hypersensitivities in Children Quantitative measurements of IgE-antibodies to food allergens are useful in evaluating hypersensitivity of preschoolers to certain foods, according to a report in the April issue of Allergy.Reuters Health Information 2008



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////////////////...........Study Finds Improvement in End-of-Life Cancer Care of Children Children dying of cancer are receiving a higher standard of care than ever before, but researchers urge specialists to continue raising the bar.



////////////////////..............Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants More Likely to Show Early Signs of Autism Among 91 toddlers who had been born prematurely and weighed from 1 pound to 3.28 pounds at birth, 25% screened positive for early signs of autistic features, according to a recent study.Medscape Medical News 2008



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///////////////pc=Journaling May Help CaregiversThe burden and stress of caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease may often appear overwhelming...http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/04/15/journaling-may-help-alzheimers-care-givers/2153.html


//////////////////...........Too Many Choices Can Lead to FatigueOne element that may be contributing to heightened feelings of stress and mental exhaustion is a fast-paced lifestyle that calls upon us to make too many decisions...http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/04/15/too-many-choices-can-lead-to-fatigue/2151.html



////////////////..............Depression Late in LifeA new study finds that even after the age of 70, people prone to feelings of anxiety, worry, distress and insecurity face a risk for a first lifetime episode of clinically...http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/04/14/depression-late-in-life/2147.html



/////////////////..........Can Wine Reduce the Risk of Dementia?New research from Sweden suggests wine may convey a protective benefit against development of dementia...http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/04/10/can-wine-reduce-the-risk-of-dementia/2144.html



//////////////////............Sexual Intentions May Be In The FaceThink that you can hide your sexual intentions by playing it coy? Think again. People's faces may give away more about their sexual intentions than even they realize...http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/04/10/sexual-intentions-may-be-in-the-face/2140.html




//////////////////What's Wrong With My Husband?Q. Avoidant Solitary Personality? or what? Over the years, my husband has become more and more reserved. He doesn't ...http://psychcentral.com/ask-the-therapist/2008/04/13/whats-wrong-with-my-husband/


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////////////////////..........Calorie Restriction Boosts Cell Components Recycling
Calorie restriction extends life in most animals which have been studied well on calorie restricted diets. Calorie restriction is the only consistent way to extend life in lab animals that has been found to date. Some University of Florida scientists found that rats on low calorie diets might live longer because the calorie restriction causes cells to more rapidly chew up and recycle cellular components such as energy-producing mitochondria.
And a University of Florida study shows just how much the body benefits when it “goes green,” at least if you’re a rat: Cutting calories helps rodents live longer by boosting cells’ ability to recycle damaged parts so they can maintain efficient energy production.
“Caloric restriction is a way to extend life in animals. If you give them less food, the stress of this healthy habit actually makes them live longer,” said Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Ph.D., chief of the division of biology of aging in UF’s Institute on Aging.
Understanding how the process works at the cellular level in rodents could help scientists develop drugs that mimic the process in humans, Leeuwenburgh added.
Some biogerontologists theorize that aging damaged mitochondria displace healthy mitochondria. Then those damaged mitochondria spew out free radicals that damage cells. These University of Florida researchers are speculating that if cells more aggressively chew up damaged mitochondria then those bad mitochondria won't take over and squeeze out healthier mitochondria.



//////////////////////..........Deer is both plural and singular. It is similar to the word "sheep" in which you say "there is one sheep in a barn next to a pasture full of sheep." There is no such word as "deers" when referencing multiple deer.


////////////////////...........NYT=Supreme Court Allows Lethal Injection for Execution
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new_york_times:http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/17/us/16cnd-scotus.html

By DAVID STOUT
Published: April 17, 2008
WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court on Wednesday upheld Kentucky’s method of putting criminals to death by lethal injection, not only clearing the way for Kentucky to resume executions but also for other states to do so. But one justice predicted that the ruling would not end disputes over lethal injection and could reignite the debate over capital punishment itself.
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Text of the Opinion (pdf)
Justices Chilly to Bid to Alter Death Penalty (January 8)
Times Topics: Supreme Court
Times Topics: Capital Punishment
By 7 to 2, the court rejected challenges to the Kentucky execution procedure brought by two death-row inmates, holding that they had failed to show that the risks of pain from mistakes in an otherwise “humane lethal execution protocol” amounted to cruel and unusual punishment, which is banned by the Constitution.
The prisoners had contended that the three-drug procedure used on death row — one drug each to sedate, paralyze and end life — was unconstitutional, and that in any event there were strong indications that Kentucky had bungled some executions, creating unnecessary pain for the condemned. Through their lawyers, they maintained that problems could be largely solved by administering a single overwhelming dose of a barbiturate, as opposed to the three-drug procedure.
The prisoners’ challenge had implications far beyond Kentucky. Of the 36 states with the death penalty, all but Nebraska, which uses the electric chair, rely on the same three-drug procedure that Kentucky uses. So does the federal government. Now, with the Kentucky challenge disposed of, an unofficial moratorium on executions that has existed may come to an end. Gov. Tim Kaine of Virginia quickly announced that his state would lift its moratorium on executions.
In a decision written by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., which weighed the prisoners’ claims that they faced an unacceptably high risk of suffering at the hands of their executioners, the court concluded that “Kentucky’s continued use of the three-drug protocol cannot be viewed as posing an ‘objectively intolerable risk’ when no other state has adopted the one-drug method and petitioners have proffered no study showing that it is an equally effective manner of imposing a death sentence.”
The prisoners who brought the challenge were Ralph Baze, who killed a sheriff and a deputy who were trying to serve him with a warrant, and Thomas C. Bowling, who killed a couple whose car he had damaged in a parking lot.
Lawyers for the prisoners contended that the barbiturate-only method is widely used by veterinarians, who are barred in many states from using the same paralyzing agent employed in executing people. But the court rejected that argument, stating that “veterinary practice for animals is not an appropriate guide for humane practices for humans.” The six justices who concurred in the judgment — with varying degrees of agreement — were Anthony M. Kennedy, Samuel A. Alito Jr., John Paul Stevens, Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas and Stephen G. Breyer.
Alluding to the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment, the court said history leads to the conclusion that “an execution method violates the Eighth Amendment only if it is deliberately designed to inflict pain,” a standard that bars disemboweling, burning alive and other excruciating ways of bringing about death. “Judged under that standard, this is an easy case,” the court held.
But the deliberations were not easy, if the number of opinions is any indicator. Although seven members concurred in the judgment of the court, only Justices Kennedy and Alito (who filed a concurring opinion of his own) joined Chief Justice Roberts’s opinion. Justices Scalia and Thomas joined each other’s concurring opinions.
Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and David H. Souter dissented from the court’s judgment. “I would not dispose of the case so swiftly given the character of the risk at stake,” Justice Ginsburg wrote, declaring that she would have sent the case back to the Kentucky courts for further scrutiny of the condemned men’s claims.
Perhaps most interestingly, Justice Stevens filed an opinion concurring in the judgment of the court, but by no means embracing capital punishment. Indeed, he asserted that recent decisions by state legislatures, Congress and the Supreme Court itself to preserve the death penalty “are the product of habit and inattention rather than an acceptable deliberative process that weighs the costs and risks” of the ultimate punishment.
Justice Stevens noted that in the 1976 decision in which the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of capital punishment, Gregg v. Georgia, the court declared that “three societal purposes” justified the death penalty: “incapacitation, deterrence and retribution.”
“In the past three decades, however, each of these rationales has been called into question,” Justice Stevens said. The possibility of a life sentence without parole, he said, has often caused people to soften their positions in favor of inflicting death.
“Full recognition of the diminishing force of the principal rationales for retaining the death penalty should lead this court and legislatures to re-examine” the ultimate question, Justice Stevens wrote, using a phrase used by a former Texas prosecutor and judge: “Is it time to kill the death penalty?”
Coming from Justice Stevens, those words could be especially significant. The justice (who will turn 88 on Sunday) was one of the seven justices who voted in 1976 to uphold capital punishment. Since then, he has heard many challenges to various aspects of the death penalty and the “evolving standards of decency” often invoked by its opponents. In 2002, Justice Stevens was in the majority as the court ruled that mentally retarded killers could not be executed, and in 2005 he was in the majority as the court banned the death penalty against juvenile offenders.
On Wednesday, after handing down their opinions in the Kentucky case, the justices heard arguments in a death penalty case from Louisiana. The question was whether the Constitution allows capital punishment for the rape of a child who is not killed.
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