The natural world is a complex and unpredictable place. Habitats change, predators strike, food runs out. An organism’s survival depends on its ability to make sense of its surroundings, whether by counting down to nightfall, figuring out the quickest way to escape danger or weighing up the spots most likely to have food. And that, says Karl Friston, a computational neuroscientist and physicist at University College London, means doing mathematics.
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