///////////////////Imaging Neural Progenitor Cells In The Living Human Brain (11/18/2007)
-United States
digg_url = 'http://www.cloningresources.com/Research/Imaging_Neural_Progenitor_Cells_In_The_Living_Human_Brain.asp';
digg_title = 'Imaging Neural Progenitor Cells In The Living Human Brain';
digg_topic = 'general_science';
digg_bgcolor = '#FFFFFF';
digg_skin = 'compact';
reddit_url='http%3A//www.cloningresources.com/Research/Imaging_Neural_Progenitor_Cells_In_The_Living_Human_Brain.asp'
Tags:
neural progenitor cells, progenitor cells, brain
A new technology helps researchers monitor the development of brain tissues. A collaborative team at Stony Brook University Medical Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to detect stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) in the live human brain. NPCs are essential to the development of neurons. As pictured, MRS also detects other cells in the brain, such as neurons (NAA), and glial cells (Cho, ml) and their functional state (Cr). The technology may prove to be a major discovery leading to better treatments for diseases like depression, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. (Credit: Stony Brook University)For the first time, investigators have identified a way to detect neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which can develop into neurons and other nervous system cells, in the living human brain using a type of imaging called magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The finding may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for depression, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, and a host of other disorders.
Research has shown that, in select brain regions, NPCs persist into adulthood and may give rise to new neurons. Studies have suggested that the development of new neurons from NPCs, called neurogenesis, is disrupted in disorders ranging from depression and schizophrenia to Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and cancer. Until now, however, there has been no way to monitor neurogenesis in the living human brain.
"The recent finding that neural progenitor cells exist in adult human brain has opened a whole new field in neuroscience. The ability to track these cells in living people would be a major breakthrough in understanding brain development in children and continued maturation of the adult brain. It could also be a very useful tool for research aimed at influencing NPCs to restore or maintain brain health," says Walter J. Koroshetz, M.D., deputy director of the NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), which helped fund the work. The study was also funded by the NIH's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
"This is the first noninvasive approach to identify neural progenitor cells in the human brain," says Grigori Enikolopov, Ph.D., of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, who conducted the new study along with co-corresponding author Mirjana Maletic-Savatic, M.D., Ph.D., of the State University of New York, Stony Brook and their colleagues at SUNY Stony Brook and Brookhaven National Laboratory. MRS is an imaging technique that can be used to detect proteins and other compounds normally present in body fluids or tissues. The study results are published in the November 9, 2007, issue of Science.*
Previously developed techniques using positron emission tomography and other types of brain imaging allow investigators to identify NPCs in animals. However, those techniques require pre-labeling the cells with radioactive agents or magnetic nanoparticles -- strategies that are not practical in people. In the new study, the researchers identified an innate property of NPCs that can be detected by MRS. This enables them to image NPCs without introducing drugs or other agents.
The researchers used a technique related to MRS to compare the signals of NPCs from embryonic mice to those of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells that are very common in the brain. The investigators found that NPCs showed a specific signal, or marker, that was not as common in other cell types.
Next, the researchers studied NPCs at various points as they differentiated into other cell types in the laboratory. The level of the NPC signal decreased over time, while the levels of other markers common in neurons and astrocytes rose. The newly identified marker was more common in brain cells from embryonic mice than in those from adult mice. It also was more common in cells from the mouse hippocampus, a region where neurogenesis occurs constantly, than in cells from the brain's cortex, where new neurons are not normally formed.
-United States
digg_url = 'http://www.cloningresources.com/Research/Imaging_Neural_Progenitor_Cells_In_The_Living_Human_Brain.asp';
digg_title = 'Imaging Neural Progenitor Cells In The Living Human Brain';
digg_topic = 'general_science';
digg_bgcolor = '#FFFFFF';
digg_skin = 'compact';
reddit_url='http%3A//www.cloningresources.com/Research/Imaging_Neural_Progenitor_Cells_In_The_Living_Human_Brain.asp'
Tags:
neural progenitor cells, progenitor cells, brain
A new technology helps researchers monitor the development of brain tissues. A collaborative team at Stony Brook University Medical Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to detect stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) in the live human brain. NPCs are essential to the development of neurons. As pictured, MRS also detects other cells in the brain, such as neurons (NAA), and glial cells (Cho, ml) and their functional state (Cr). The technology may prove to be a major discovery leading to better treatments for diseases like depression, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. (Credit: Stony Brook University)For the first time, investigators have identified a way to detect neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which can develop into neurons and other nervous system cells, in the living human brain using a type of imaging called magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The finding may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for depression, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, and a host of other disorders.
Research has shown that, in select brain regions, NPCs persist into adulthood and may give rise to new neurons. Studies have suggested that the development of new neurons from NPCs, called neurogenesis, is disrupted in disorders ranging from depression and schizophrenia to Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and cancer. Until now, however, there has been no way to monitor neurogenesis in the living human brain.
"The recent finding that neural progenitor cells exist in adult human brain has opened a whole new field in neuroscience. The ability to track these cells in living people would be a major breakthrough in understanding brain development in children and continued maturation of the adult brain. It could also be a very useful tool for research aimed at influencing NPCs to restore or maintain brain health," says Walter J. Koroshetz, M.D., deputy director of the NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), which helped fund the work. The study was also funded by the NIH's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
"This is the first noninvasive approach to identify neural progenitor cells in the human brain," says Grigori Enikolopov, Ph.D., of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, who conducted the new study along with co-corresponding author Mirjana Maletic-Savatic, M.D., Ph.D., of the State University of New York, Stony Brook and their colleagues at SUNY Stony Brook and Brookhaven National Laboratory. MRS is an imaging technique that can be used to detect proteins and other compounds normally present in body fluids or tissues. The study results are published in the November 9, 2007, issue of Science.*
Previously developed techniques using positron emission tomography and other types of brain imaging allow investigators to identify NPCs in animals. However, those techniques require pre-labeling the cells with radioactive agents or magnetic nanoparticles -- strategies that are not practical in people. In the new study, the researchers identified an innate property of NPCs that can be detected by MRS. This enables them to image NPCs without introducing drugs or other agents.
The researchers used a technique related to MRS to compare the signals of NPCs from embryonic mice to those of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells that are very common in the brain. The investigators found that NPCs showed a specific signal, or marker, that was not as common in other cell types.
Next, the researchers studied NPCs at various points as they differentiated into other cell types in the laboratory. The level of the NPC signal decreased over time, while the levels of other markers common in neurons and astrocytes rose. The newly identified marker was more common in brain cells from embryonic mice than in those from adult mice. It also was more common in cells from the mouse hippocampus, a region where neurogenesis occurs constantly, than in cells from the brain's cortex, where new neurons are not normally formed.
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Fast Food Day [Nov 16]
Fast Food Day [Nov 16]
///////////////////World Hello Day [Nov 21]
/////////////////HUNTING SHARK=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/11/17/eashark117.xml&CMP=ILC-mostviewedbox
//////////////////////BIGGEST ANIMALS=http://www.alistoflists.com/animals/7-biggest-living-things-on-earth
///////////////////10 calories of fossil fuels are required to produce every 1 calorie of food eaten in the US.
//////////////////The production of one gram of microchips consumes 630 grams of fossil fuels.
///////////////////////PEAK OIL=http://www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net/
/////////////////I desire only to know the truth, and to live as well as I can...And, to the utmost of my power, I exhort all other men to do the same...I exhort you also to take part in the great combat, which is the combat of life, and greater than every other earthly conflict."
~ Socrates, 5th century bce Greek philosopher from The Gorgias
~ Socrates, 5th century bce Greek philosopher from The Gorgias
////////////////////MCLWP
///////////////////China's Got CharacterThe mere 26 letters in the Roman alphabet can look pretty lightweight when you stack it up against the 56,000 character-alphabet used by the Chinese. Want to know more
////////////////////The spoken languageDiscounting ethnic minority languages, China has eight principal dialect groups. The predominant dialect in the Southwest is Sichuanese, though the differences from Putonghua are as much a reflection of regional accent as significant differences in vocabulary. Cantonese is spoken in Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong and parts of Guangxi. It differs from Mandarin as much as French differs from Spanish. Speakers of both dialects can read Chinese characters, but a Cantonese speaker will pronounce words very differently. Cantonese also has a more complex tone system than Mandarin, boasting at least seven tones compared with Mandarin's four.The written languageChinese is often referred to as a language of pictographs. Many of the basic Chinese characters are in fact highly stylised pictures of what they represent, but most (around 90%) are compounds of a 'meaning' element and a 'sound' element. So just how many Chinese characters are there? It's possible to verify the existence of some 56,000 characters, but the vast majority of these are archaic. It is commonly felt that a well-educated, contemporary Chinese person might know and use between 6000 and 8000 characters. To read a Chinese newspaper you will need to know 2000 to 3000 characters, but 1200 to 1500 would be enough to get the gist.Taken from Lonely Planet's China's Southwest, 3rd ed.
/////////////////////GMAIL=http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/1-awesome-gmail-tip-you-dont-know-about-seriously/
////////////////A crude rule of thumb is that every time you go one step up the food chain, you get only 10% of the calories you'd get by consuming the next lower item (note I am not sure how this is measured, whether by weight or portion size. Carbohydrates and proteins have the same amount of calories per unit weight, but fats have more than two times as many calories per gram as carbs and protein). So say you eat corn-fed beef. It took ten times the amount of corn to produce that unit weight of beef (and that may not even allow for waste, like skeleton and hide).
////////////////Bronchoalveolar Pepsin, Bile Acids, Oxidation, and Inflammation in Children With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Starosta, V., et al. - Pulmonary microaspiration as demonstrated by pepsin detection in BALF is common in children with chronic lung diseases, suggesting that gastroesophageal reflux may contribute significantly to the disease pathogenesis. BALF pepsin concentration correlates positively with the number of proximal reflux events [more...]
Chest, 11/15/07
Chest, 11/15/07
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Won Line-ers
Birthdays are good for you - the more you have the longer you live.
Accidents don't just happen. They must be carelessly planned.
If money could talk, it would say: goodbye.
If nobody knows the troubles you've seen, - then you don't live in a small town.
If the human brain was simple enough for us to understand - we'd be so simple we couldn't understand.
If you get to thinkin' you're a person of some influence, try orderin' somebody else's dog around.
Never, ever make absolute, unconditional statements.
Pain and Suffering is inevitable but Misery is optional.
Sometimes the best helping hand you can give is a good, firm push.
The difference between ordinary and extraordinary is that little extra.
There are three dimensions to credit cards, length, width and debt.
You can listen to thunder after lightening and tell how close you came to getting hit. If you don't hear it, you got hit, so never mind.
If you lend someone $20, and never see that person again, - it was probably worth it.
If you think nobody cares if you're alive, try missing a couple of car payments.
It may be that your sole purpose in life - is simply to serve as a warning to others.
Before you criticize someone, walk a mile in their shoes. That way you're a mile away, and you have their shoes too.
Don't use a big word where a diminutive one will suffice.
The easiest way to find something lost around the house is to buy a replacement.
If you can't beat your computer at chess, try kickboxing.
Today is tomorrow's yesterday. If you are longing for the 'good old days', you're there pal.
Accept that some days you're the pigeon, and some days you're the statue.
Always keep your words soft and sweet, just in case you have to eat them.
You are what you eat. So stay away from the jerk chicken.
If you see a snake, just kill it. Don't appoint a committee on snakes. - H. Ross Perot
When everything's coming your way, - you're in the wrong lane.
Never eat more than you can lift. - Miss Piggy
If you put your nose to the grindstone, you'll get a flat face.
Life is tough, get a helmet
Be consistent (but not all the time)
The best way to forget all your troubles is to wear tight shoes.
Never argue with a man carrying a water buffalo.
Before borrowing money from a friend, decide which you need more.
You can't tell a book by its movie. ##
Won Line-ers
Birthdays are good for you - the more you have the longer you live.
Accidents don't just happen. They must be carelessly planned.
If money could talk, it would say: goodbye.
If nobody knows the troubles you've seen, - then you don't live in a small town.
If the human brain was simple enough for us to understand - we'd be so simple we couldn't understand.
If you get to thinkin' you're a person of some influence, try orderin' somebody else's dog around.
Never, ever make absolute, unconditional statements.
Pain and Suffering is inevitable but Misery is optional.
Sometimes the best helping hand you can give is a good, firm push.
The difference between ordinary and extraordinary is that little extra.
There are three dimensions to credit cards, length, width and debt.
You can listen to thunder after lightening and tell how close you came to getting hit. If you don't hear it, you got hit, so never mind.
If you lend someone $20, and never see that person again, - it was probably worth it.
If you think nobody cares if you're alive, try missing a couple of car payments.
It may be that your sole purpose in life - is simply to serve as a warning to others.
Before you criticize someone, walk a mile in their shoes. That way you're a mile away, and you have their shoes too.
Don't use a big word where a diminutive one will suffice.
The easiest way to find something lost around the house is to buy a replacement.
If you can't beat your computer at chess, try kickboxing.
Today is tomorrow's yesterday. If you are longing for the 'good old days', you're there pal.
Accept that some days you're the pigeon, and some days you're the statue.
Always keep your words soft and sweet, just in case you have to eat them.
You are what you eat. So stay away from the jerk chicken.
If you see a snake, just kill it. Don't appoint a committee on snakes. - H. Ross Perot
When everything's coming your way, - you're in the wrong lane.
Never eat more than you can lift. - Miss Piggy
If you put your nose to the grindstone, you'll get a flat face.
Life is tough, get a helmet
Be consistent (but not all the time)
The best way to forget all your troubles is to wear tight shoes.
Never argue with a man carrying a water buffalo.
Before borrowing money from a friend, decide which you need more.
You can't tell a book by its movie. ##
//////////////////dth=http://www.zentastic.com/entries/200604191943.html
///////////////////world map evoln=http://m3.youneed2see.com/piles/?s=evolutionworldmap
//////////////////////Ask not what you can do for your country. Ask what's for lunch. - Orson Welles
//////////////////////Renunciation of Action ||
The Supreme Lord Said:
"Although I am unborn and inexhaustible, and although I am the Lord of all beings, keeping nature under My control, I manifest Myself by My own self induced illusion."[Chapter 4 Verse 6]
"Whenever and wherever there is decline of dharma (righteousness) and ascendance of adharma (unrighteousness), at that time I manifest Myself in visible form."[Chapter 4 Verse 7]
"For the protection of the righteous and destruction of the wicked, and for the sake of establishing dharma again , I incarnate Myself on earth from time to time."[Chapter 4 Verse 8]
"He who knows correctly the truth of My divine birth and actions, on leaving his body, would never take birth again. He would certainly come to Me."[Chapter 4 Verse 9]
The Supreme Lord Said:
"Although I am unborn and inexhaustible, and although I am the Lord of all beings, keeping nature under My control, I manifest Myself by My own self induced illusion."[Chapter 4 Verse 6]
"Whenever and wherever there is decline of dharma (righteousness) and ascendance of adharma (unrighteousness), at that time I manifest Myself in visible form."[Chapter 4 Verse 7]
"For the protection of the righteous and destruction of the wicked, and for the sake of establishing dharma again , I incarnate Myself on earth from time to time."[Chapter 4 Verse 8]
"He who knows correctly the truth of My divine birth and actions, on leaving his body, would never take birth again. He would certainly come to Me."[Chapter 4 Verse 9]
//////////////////////BBTBR- GON
//////////////////////SKEPTIC=http://www.skepticsannotatedbible.com/highlights.html
////////////////////a partments-http://www.kleptography.com/angles-apartments9641.htm
/////////////////////SHREYA GHOSHAL
//////////////////VY CANIS MAJORIS-LARGEST KNOWN STAR=http://www.techdo.com/images/largest-know-star.htm
///////////////////////SCARY COLOURS=http://www.colourlovers.com/blog/2007/11/11/the-absolutely-scariest-colors-imaginable/
//////////////paranormal=http://www.rockymountainparanormal.com/photosthroughyears/index.htm
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