a
PAIN-INDUCED ANALGESIA Stressful, effortful or unpleasant qualities of a stimulus activate the release of dopamine and opioids in the brain, which in turn can lead to the experience of pleasure or even euphoria when the negative event ceases, but this is not the primary reason for the neurochemical response. Rather, the brain responds in this way because both opioids and dopamine help us to cope with, and respond to, pain. On the one hand, opioids funnction as a natural analgesic; they are like the brain’s own fast-acting paracetamol. This is why people often do not feel the discomfort of an injury straight away. When we graze a knee or break a leg, our brain is flooded with these neurochemicals and they camouflage our experience of pain. It is often only afterwards that we start to realize how much it hurts. This same response can be observed in other negative events, such as social stress. On the other hand, although dopamine may also have an analgesic function, more recent research suggests it responds to the threat of discomfort or unpleasantness by facilitating effective decision-making. Specifically, it helps us to decide whether to continue to endure the unpleasant event (perhaps in order to get a reward) or to withdraw and escape (perhaps in order to prevent greater loss, such as an injury).
a
TREE V CAR
INTEGRAL V SYNTHETIC UNITY
A
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