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In launching his critiques of eternal inflation, Steinhardt had another type of cosmological model in mind—with bounces instead of a bang and bubbles. In the early 2000s, he, along with several other physicists including Neil Turok, Justin Khoury, and Burt Ovrut, had developed an alternative to inflation, called, in various incarnations, the “Ekpyrotic Universe” and the “Cyclic Universe,” that removed the need for a spatial multiverse by positing recurring cataclysmic events that smoothed out the universe without inflation. However, curiously it introduced the requirement of at least one other parallel universe—separated from us by a fifth dimension—that would periodically crash into ours. Therefore, while it isn’t a multiverse in space, one might argue that it is a multiverse in hyperspace.
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