Sanskrit related

Here is a comprehensive list of 30 modern languages (and significant dialects) that are most closely related to Sanskrit, primarily through the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European family. These languages evolved through Vedic/ Classical Sanskrit → Prakrits → Apabhramsha → Modern Indo-Aryan languages.

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Major Indo-Aryan Languages

 (Highly Sanskritized):

1. Hindi
2. Marathi
3. Nepali
4. Bengali
5. Gujarati
6. Punjabi
7. Odia
8. Assamese
9. Konkani
10. Sindhi

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Important Regional Indo-Aryan Languages and Dialects

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11. Maithili – Very close to Sanskrit in grammar and vocabulary.
12. Bhojpuri – Spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Nepal.
13. Magahi – Derived from Magadhi Prakrit, linked directly to Sanskrit.
14. Awadhi – A classical Hindi dialect used in historical literature.
15. Chhattisgarhi – Hindi-related, but with its own Sanskrit-based evolution.
16. Bagheli – Spoken in Madhya Pradesh, with many Sanskritic features.
17. Haryanvi – Derived from Western Hindi, includes Sanskrit elements.
18. Rajasthani – A language group with strong Sanskrit and Apabhramsha roots.
19. Dogri – Indo-Aryan language of Jammu; many Sanskrit-derived terms.
20. Garhwali – Spoken in Uttarakhand; part of the Central Pahari group.

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Other Indo-Aryan / Related or Transitional Languages

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21. Kumaoni – Also Central Pahari; shares Sanskrit heritage.
22. Kashmiri – Technically Dardic but with Sanskrit roots and vocabulary.
23. Saurashtra – Indo-Aryan language spoken in Tamil Nadu by Saurashtrians; descended from Sanskrit via Prakrit.
24. Pali – Classical language, directly related to Sanskrit; still used liturgically.
25. Sanskritized Urdu – In India, Urdu often incorporates Sanskrit vocabulary.
26. Tirhuti (a dialect of Maithili) – Preserves older Sanskrit features.
27. Malvi – Spoken in western Madhya Pradesh; has strong Sanskrit influence.
28. Marwari – Major Rajasthani dialect with many Sanskrit-derived words.
29. Lambadi (Banjara) – Indo-Aryan dialect with some Sanskritic elements.
30. Nagpuri (Sadri) – Spoken in Jharkhand and nearby states; descended from Prakrit.

🧠 Key Notes:

• These languages show Sanskrit influence in vocabulary, grammar, phonology, and script.
• Devanagari, the script used for Sanskrit, is also used in many of these languages.
• Sanskrit influence is stronger in literary, religious, and formal registers.

Would you like a language family tree or a map showing how these languages relate to Sanskrit geographically or historically?