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The Australian Sheep-Goat Scale (ASGS) is a psychological questionnaire used in parapsychology to measure a person’s belief in and experiences of paranormal phenomena.
Here’s a breakdown:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Origin | Developed by Michael Thalbourne (University of Adelaide, 1970s–80s). |
| Name | The terms “sheep” (believers in the paranormal, e.g., ESP, psychokinesis, life after death) vs. “goats” (skeptics or disbelievers) were coined earlier in parapsychology (Gertrude Schmeidler, 1940s). |
| Purpose | To quantify the degree of belief in the paranormal and look for correlations between belief and performance in psi experiments (ESP tests, psychokinesis trials, etc.). |
| Format | Self-report questionnaire with items (typically 18–30 statements) where respondents agree/disagree or rate their level of belief. |
| Content Areas | Includes belief in ESP, psychokinesis, life after death, precognition, and personal paranormal experiences. |
| Scoring | Higher scores = stronger belief/experience (a “sheep”), lower scores = skepticism (a “goat”). |
| Use in Research | - Frequently used in experimental parapsychology to test whether belief in psi correlates with success in psi tasks. - Also applied in psychology of religion and anomalistic psychology to explore belief systems. |
| Criticism | Some argue it conflates “belief” with “experience,” and results can be influenced by demand characteristics or cultural background. |
✅ In short:
The Australian Sheep-Goat Scale is a standardized survey tool that distinguishes between “sheep” (paranormal believers/experiencers) and “goats” (skeptics) in order to study how these orientations relate to paranormal claims and experimental outcomes.
Would you like me to show you a sample list of the actual items/questions from the ASGS (as published in Thalbourne’s work), so you can see how it’s structured?
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