Got it — you’d like a comparison of Advaita Vedānta, Schopenhauer’s philosophy, and Jung’s psychology. These three traditions overlap in their concern with ultimate reality, illusion, and the self, but they approach it differently.
Here’s a comparative table:
|
Aspect |
Advaita Vedānta |
Schopenhauer |
Jung |
|
Ultimate Reality |
Brahman: nondual, infinite, impersonal absolute reality |
Will: blind, irrational striving underlying all phenomena |
Collective Unconscious: archetypal layer of the psyche that underlies individual consciousness |
|
Self |
Ātman = Brahman (true self identical with absolute reality) |
Individual subject is manifestation of Will; the “principium individuationis” (time/space) creates illusion of separateness |
Self (capital “S”): the totality of psyche, integrating conscious + unconscious |
|
World / Phenomena |
Māyā: illusion or appearance superimposed on Brahman |
Representation (Vorstellung): phenomenal world shaped by cognition, mere appearance of Will |
Symbols & archetypes shape perception of world; external reality intertwined with psyche |
|
Ignorance / Suffering |
Avidyā (ignorance of true self) causes bondage and suffering |
Suffering is inherent to existence due to endless striving of Will |
Neurosis arises from imbalance between conscious and unconscious; repression of archetypal energies |
|
Liberation / Goal |
Mokṣa: realization of nonduality, dissolution of ego, unity with Brahman |
Denial of the Will: asceticism, art, compassion as escape from suffering |
Individuation: integration of unconscious contents into conscious life; wholeness of the Self |
|
Method / Path |
Self-inquiry (ātma-vicāra), meditation, renunciation, knowledge (jñāna) |
Aesthetic contemplation, compassion, ascetic practices |
Active imagination, dream analysis, symbolic work, dialogue with unconscious |
|
View of Religion / Myth |
Scriptures (Upaniṣads, Gītā) point toward ultimate truth; myths are provisional aids |
Religions express truths allegorically; Schopenhauer admired Upaniṣads & Buddhism |
Myths and religions express archetypes of collective unconscious; symbolic guides to individuation |
|
Attitude to Ego |
Ego is illusion (ahaṃkāra), must be transcended |
Ego is subject of representation, still bound to Will |
Ego must mediate but not dominate; should relate to unconscious to avoid inflation |
|
Common Ground |
Nondual insight: self/world distinction is illusory |
Nondual leanings: will–representation divide echoes māyā–Brahman |
Union of opposites: individuation mirrors nondual integration |
|
Key Difference |
Metaphysical monism: only Brahman is real |
Pessimistic voluntarism: Will is blind, endless striving |
Psychological pluralism: psyche structured by archetypes, oriented toward wholeness |
Would you like me to expand this into a detailed essay-style comparison (exploring influence, similarities, and divergences), or keep it as a concise reference table?
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