Tuesday, 2 September 2025

A

 Got it — you’d like a comparison of Advaita Vedānta, Schopenhauer’s philosophy, and Jung’s psychology. These three traditions overlap in their concern with ultimate reality, illusion, and the self, but they approach it differently.


Here’s a comparative table:

Aspect

Advaita Vedānta

Schopenhauer

Jung

Ultimate Reality

Brahman: nondual, infinite, impersonal absolute reality

Will: blind, irrational striving underlying all phenomena

Collective Unconscious: archetypal layer of the psyche that underlies individual consciousness

Self

Ātman = Brahman (true self identical with absolute reality)

Individual subject is manifestation of Will; the “principium individuationis” (time/space) creates illusion of separateness

Self (capital “S”): the totality of psyche, integrating conscious + unconscious

World / Phenomena

Māyā: illusion or appearance superimposed on Brahman

Representation (Vorstellung): phenomenal world shaped by cognition, mere appearance of Will

Symbols & archetypes shape perception of world; external reality intertwined with psyche

Ignorance / Suffering

Avidyā (ignorance of true self) causes bondage and suffering

Suffering is inherent to existence due to endless striving of Will

Neurosis arises from imbalance between conscious and unconscious; repression of archetypal energies

Liberation / Goal

Mokṣa: realization of nonduality, dissolution of ego, unity with Brahman

Denial of the Will: asceticism, art, compassion as escape from suffering

Individuation: integration of unconscious contents into conscious life; wholeness of the Self

Method / Path

Self-inquiry (ātma-vicāra), meditation, renunciation, knowledge (jñāna)

Aesthetic contemplation, compassion, ascetic practices

Active imagination, dream analysis, symbolic work, dialogue with unconscious

View of Religion / Myth

Scriptures (Upaniṣads, Gītā) point toward ultimate truth; myths are provisional aids

Religions express truths allegorically; Schopenhauer admired Upaniṣads & Buddhism

Myths and religions express archetypes of collective unconscious; symbolic guides to individuation

Attitude to Ego

Ego is illusion (ahaṃkāra), must be transcended

Ego is subject of representation, still bound to Will

Ego must mediate but not dominate; should relate to unconscious to avoid inflation

Common Ground

Nondual insight: self/world distinction is illusory

Nondual leanings: will–representation divide echoes māyā–Brahman

Union of opposites: individuation mirrors nondual integration

Key Difference

Metaphysical monism: only Brahman is real

Pessimistic voluntarism: Will is blind, endless striving

Psychological pluralism: psyche structured by archetypes, oriented toward wholeness




Would you like me to expand this into a detailed essay-style comparison (exploring influence, similarities, and divergences), or keep it as a concise reference table?


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