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Here is a comparative table outlining the scientific bases or parallels to non-dual philosophy, mapping key concepts from non-duality to developments in physics, neuroscience, and consciousness studies. This shows how science intersects — or at least resonates — with non-dual insights:

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Scientific Basis of Non-Dual Philosophy – Comparative Table

Non-Dual Concept	Scientific Parallel / Theory	Explanation / Connection
Primacy of Consciousness	Analytic Idealism (Kastrup) / Integrated Information Theory (IIT)	Consciousness is not produced by the brain but is a fundamental aspect of reality.
Unity of All Things	Quantum Nonlocality / Entanglement	Particles remain connected beyond space-time limits → suggests fundamental interconnectedness.
Illusory Self (Anātman)	Neuroscience of Self (e.g., default mode network, illusion of agency)	No fixed center in the brain that represents “I”; self is a mental construct.
World as Appearance / Māyā	Simulation Hypothesis / Virtual Reality Metaphors	Reality may be a projection, or appearance shaped by perception and information processing.
Awareness Beyond Mind	Panpsychism / Non-local Consciousness Hypotheses	Consciousness may be a fundamental field, not localized in the brain.
Emptiness (Śūnyatā)	Quantum Vacuum / Zero-Point Field	What seems empty is full of potential; particles arise from “nothingness.”
Observer and Observed are One	Participatory Universe (Wheeler) / Quantum Mechanics	Observation affects reality; consciousness co-creates experience.
Timeless Now / Eternal Presence	Block Universe Theory (Physics) / Presentism Debates	Time may be an illusion; all moments exist equally → aligns with non-dual “Now.”
No Independent Objects	Relational Quantum Mechanics / Systems Theory	Objects don’t have intrinsic properties; they exist in relation, not separation.
Spontaneous Emergence / Lila (Play)	Self-Organizing Systems / Chaos Theory	Complex patterns emerge spontaneously without central control — like consciousness.

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Key Themes Across Disciplines

Domain	Convergence with Non-Duality
Physics	Reality is interconnected, observer-dependent, and possibly non-local.
Neuroscience	No central “self” found; consciousness and perception are dynamic processes.
Consciousness Studies	Increasing recognition that consciousness may not be a byproduct of matter.
Philosophy of Mind	Growing support for idealism, panpsychism, and non-reductive views.

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